PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT, HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

WHAT IS PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT?

•  Is a lifelong process. It is a way for people to assess their skills and qualities, consider their aims in life and set goals in order to realize and maximize their potential.
• Personal development covers activities that improve awareness and identity, develop talents and potential, build human capital and facilitate employability, enhance the quality of life and contribute to the realization of dreams and aspirations. Personal development takes place over the course of a person's entire life. Not limited to self-help, the concept involves formal and informal activities for developing others in roles such as teacher, guide, counselor, manager, life coach or mentor. When personal development takes place in the context of institutions, it refers to the methods, programs, tools, techniques, and assessment systems that support human development at the individual level in organizations.
• as process in which persons reflect upon the understand who they are, accept what they discover about themselves and learn (or unlearn) new sets of values, attitudes behavior and thinking skills to reach their fullest potential as human beings.

WHAT IS PERSONAL?

• affecting, or belonging to a particular person rather than to anyone else.
• referring or directed to a particular person in a disparaging or offensive sense or manner, usually involving character, behavior, appearance, etc
• Someone whose job involves working for or helping a particular person
• Made or designed to be used by one person

WHAT IS PERSONALITY?

• The set of emotional qualities, ways of behaving, etc. That makes a person different from other people.
• Personality is usually defined as the set of habitual behaviors, cognitions and emotional patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors. While there is no generally agreed upon definition of personality, most theories focus on motivation and psychological interactions with ones environment.  Trait-based personality theories, such as those defined by Raymond Cattell define personality as the traits that predict a person's behavior.
  
• Distinction or excellence of personal and social traits also a person having such quality
• Attractive qualities (such as energy, friendliness and humor) that make a person interesting or pleasant to be with.
  

WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT?

• The act or process of growing or causing something to grow or become larger or more advanced. 
• Development is a process that creates growth, progress, positive change or the addition of physical, economic, environmental, social and demographic components.  The purpose of development is a rise in the level and quality of life of the population, and the creation or expansion of local regional income and employment opportunities, without damaging the resources of the environment.
• The act or process of creating something over a period of time. 
• The state of being created or made more advanced

DIFFERENCE OF PERSONAL AND PERSONALITY?

• PERSONAL- is an advertisement by which individuals attempt to meet others with similar interest. 

• PERSONALITY- is a set of qualities that makes a person (or thing) distinct from another.

*3 ASPECT OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT*

• PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT-  is the process that starts in human infancy and continues into late adolescent concentrating on gross and fine motor skills as well as puberty. Physical development involves developing control over the body, particularly muscles and physical coordination

• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT- is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child's development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of brain development and cognitive development compared to an adult's point of view. In other words, cognitive development is the emergence of the ability to think and understand. Covers our capacity to learn, to speak, to understand, to reason and to create

• PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT- Includes our social interactions with other people, our emotions, attitudes, self identity, personality, beliefs and value. Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated by Erik Erikson, in collaboration with Joan Erikson, is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages, in which a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood. All stages are present at birth but only begin to unfold according to both a natural scheme and one's ecological and cultural upbringing. In each stage, the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each stage builds upon the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future.

* While human development covers the whole lifespan of human existence in relation to the three domains, personal development is one’s own development and growth within the context of the three aspects of human development.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IS ALSO INFLUENCED BY: 

• Heredity-  Inborn traits passed on by the generations of offspring from both sides of the biological parents’ families.
• Environment- Is the world outside of ourselves and the experiences that result from our contact and interaction with this external world
• Maturation-  Is the natural progression of the brain and the body that affects the cognitive, psychological and social dimensions of a person

DEVELOPING WHOLE  PERSON

WHAT IS HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT?

A. Mind and Body Dualism of Descartes

• Rene Descartes (Modern Philosopher), influences much of mankind's thinking with his theory of DUALITY (understanding the nature of things in simple way, dual mode). 

B.Holism and Gestalt 

• In 1926, Gen Jan C. Smuts (South African Statesman, military leader and Philosopher), wrote about holism in his book Holism and Evolution. 

          >Holism  as "the tendency in nature to form wholes which are greater than the sum of the parts through creative evolution."

B. Holism and Gestalt 

• In 1890, Christian von Ehrehfels (German Philosopher and Psychologist), Max Wertheimer (Psychologist) Kurt Koffka (Psychologist)  and Wolfgang Kohler (Psychologist), introduced the concept of gestalt. 

         >Gestalt  is defined as "something that is made of many parts and yet is somehow more than or different from the combination of its parts;  broadly,  the general quality or character of something"

FIVE ASPECTS OF HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF PERSON 

1. Physiological- the physical body and how this affects the other aspects of a person.
2. Cognitive- the thinking process of a person. 
3. Psychological- person's way of thinking, feeling and behaving. 
4. Social- the relationships a person has with other people. 
5. Spiritual- the higher ideals,  beliefs and values as a person adheres to which help guide the person in achieving personal happiness and self fulfillment. 

EMOTION

• Is defined as a descripted term referring to variations in level of arousal,  affective state or mood,  expressive movements and attitudes.  (Smith ,1973)

SIX BASIC EMOTIONS (Paul Ekman) 

1. Happiness
2. Sadness
3. Fear
4. Anger
5. Suprise 
6. Disgust

FOUR BASIC EMOTIONS (Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology,  2014)

1. Happy
2. Sad
3. Afraid or suprised
4. Angry or disgusted 

FEELINGS

• Arises from the brain as it interprets an emotion,  which is usually caused by physical sensations experienced by the body as a reaction to a certin external stimulus. 

ATTITUDES

• Person's thoughts,  feelings,  and emotions about another person,  object,  idea, behavior or situation
• A result of a Person's evaluation of an experience with others. 

BEHAVIOR 

• A manifestation or acting out of the attitudes an individual has. 

VALUES

• Nouns
• Are a system of beliefs that adhere to the highest ideals of human existence.  These ideals create meaning and purpose in a person's life that often result in personal happiness and self- fulfillment. 

UNIVERSAL VALUES (United Nations) 

• Peace
• Freedom
• Social progress
• Equal rights
• Human dignity 

CORPORATE VALUES (Robert L.  Dilenschneider) 

• Integrity 
• Accountability 
• Diligence
• Perseverance
• Discipline

10 BASIC VALUES (Shalom H.  Schwartz) 

1. Self- direction
2. Stimulation
3. Hedonism
4. Achievement
5. Power
6. Security
7. Conformity
8. Tradition
9. Benevolence 
10. Universalism

MOTIVATIONAL GOALS

1. Openness to change 
2. Self- transcendence 
3. Self- enhancement 
4. Conservation

VIRTUES

• Adjectives
• Describe positive and desirable qualities which usually mirror a value it respresents.